What is the correct function of a hypothesis in research?

The function of a hypothesis in research is primarily to state the relationships among variables, which makes it a critical aspect of the research design. A hypothesis provides a clear and testable statement that predicts the outcome or explains the relationship between different variables in a study. By defining these relationships, researchers can set up experiments or observational studies to confirm or refute the hypothesis, ultimately contributing to the body of knowledge in the field. It typically stems from the research question and guides the direction of the study, helping to formulate predictions based on existing theories or observations.

In contrast, options such as defining a study's limitations, detailing the research methodology, or formulating the research question serve different functions in the research process. Limitations outline potential weaknesses that might affect the study's validity, while research methodology describes the specific techniques and procedures that will be employed to collect and analyze data. Formulating the research question is a preliminary step that precedes hypothesis development. Thus, the hypothesis is distinct in its role of explicitly articulating the proposed relationships that the researcher intends to test.