Which research methodology focuses on a systematic investigation of phenomena?

Descriptive research is designed to provide an accurate portrayal of characteristics of a particular individual, situation, or group. It focuses on systematically collecting data to describe phenomena without manipulating any variables. This approach allows researchers to observe and document the conditions, behaviors, and relevant factors associated with the subject of study, resulting in a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon in question.

For instance, descriptive research can include surveys, case studies, and observational strategies. Its defining feature is that it aims to describe what exists in a systematic way, focusing on relationships and patterns rather than establishing cause-and-effect relationships. This makes it highly relevant and essential for understanding the scope and details of various phenomena in nursing and healthcare research.

Other methodologies, such as exploratory research, aim to investigate new areas when there is little existing knowledge, rather than systematically describing known elements. Action research involves a cyclical process of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting with a focus on solving specific issues rather than merely describing them. Thus, the systematic aspect of investigation that descriptive research provides is what makes it the correct choice in this context.