Which of the following terms refers to the degree of association between measurement error and true score?

The term that describes the degree of association between measurement error and the true score is the reliability coefficient. The reliability coefficient quantifies how much a measurement is free from random error, which is crucial in determining the consistency and stability of a measurement tool over time or across different conditions. A higher reliability coefficient indicates a stronger association between the true score and the measured score, meaning that the measurement is reliable and can accurately reflect the true characteristic being measured.

In contrast, construct validity refers to how well a test measures the theoretical construct it is intended to measure, rather than focusing on the association between measurement error and true score. Concurrent validity assesses how well a new measure correlates with a well-established measure at the same time, while test-retest reliability pertains specifically to the consistency of results when the same test is administered to the same subjects at different times. These concepts are related to validity and consistency of measures, but they do not directly address the association between measurement error and true scores as the reliability coefficient does.