Which of the following is included in "scholarly literature"?

Scholarly literature encompasses a specific type of writing that is characterized by rigorous peer review, original research, and contributions to the academic field. Published and unpublished reports of research are considered scholarly literature because they provide scientifically gathered information, data analysis, and findings that contribute to the existing body of knowledge. Such reports are often subjected to scrutiny by experts in the field before being accepted for publication, ensuring their reliability and credibility.

In contrast, the other options do not meet the criteria for scholarly literature. Publishers' promotional materials are designed to market books or journals and lack the objective analysis and research findings characteristic of scholarly work. Online discussion forum posts consist of informal exchanges and personal opinions, which do not undergo the peer-review process required for scholarly credibility. General news articles, while informative, typically present information for a broad audience without the depth of research and methodology found in scholarly literature.