Which basic human right demands that justification be provided when vulnerable subjects are used in research?

The correct answer emphasizes the concept of self-determination, which is grounded in the fundamental rights of individuals to make choices regarding their own lives and bodies. In the context of research, especially involving vulnerable subjects such as children, individuals with cognitive impairments, or economically disadvantaged groups, self-determination necessitates that researchers provide justification for including these subjects in their studies.

This right requires that individuals have the autonomy to understand the implications of their participation in research before consenting to it. It is crucial that researchers ensure that vulnerable populations are not exploited and that their participation is voluntary and informed. This means that researchers must clearly communicate the purpose of the research, the processes involved, potential risks, and any benefits, thus upholding the dignity and agency of participants.

Self-determination is especially important in research ethics because it protects individuals from being coerced or manipulated into participation, acknowledging that they have the right to make informed decisions regarding their involvement in studies that could affect their lives and well-being.