What is the relationship called when two constructs are measured and yield a significant correlation?

The relationship between two constructs that are measured and yield a significant correlation is referred to as validity. Specifically, this type of validity is often associated with construct validity, which assesses whether the measures used truly reflect the theoretical constructs they are intended to evaluate. When a significant correlation is found between the constructs, it lends support to the idea that they are measuring the same underlying concept or that they are related in a meaningful way, which is integral to the concept of validity.

Reliability pertains to the consistency of a measure, meaning that the same results should be obtained under consistent conditions, but it does not inherently speak to the relationship between different constructs. Homogeneity relates to the degree to which items on a measure are similar, while internal consistency refers to how closely related a set of items are as a group. While these concepts are important in research, they do not capture the relationship characterized by significant correlation between constructs. Therefore, validity is the most appropriate term to describe this relationship.