What is the philosophy underlying quantitative research?

Quantitative research is grounded in the philosophies of positivism and postpositivism, which emphasize the importance of objective measurement and the use of numerical data to test hypotheses. Positivism asserts that knowledge is derived from observable phenomena and empirical evidence, advocating for a systematic approach to research that involves quantifying variables to establish patterns and relationships. This allows researchers to draw generalizable conclusions based on statistical analysis.

Postpositivism acknowledges the limitations of purely positivist approaches by recognizing that all observations are potentially fallible and that research can only provide a probabilistic understanding of reality. It encourages the use of rigorous methodologies while remaining aware of the complexities involved in interpreting data.

The philosophies of constructivism and interpretivism focus on subjective experiences and the meaning individuals assign to their social worlds, which is more aligned with qualitative research methods. Critical theory seeks to challenge and change social injustices, focusing on broader societal structures rather than the numerical relationships explored in quantitative studies. Therefore, positivism and postpositivism are the philosophies that accurately reflect the foundational principles of quantitative research.