What is the main purpose of a meta-analysis in research?

The main purpose of a meta-analysis is to provide a focused synthesis of research findings using statistical methodologies. This involves aggregating results from multiple studies that address a common research question or hypothesis. By doing so, meta-analysis allows researchers to draw more reliable and generalized conclusions than would be possible from individual studies alone.

In a meta-analysis, the quantitative data from the studies are combined and analyzed statistically to identify patterns, effects, or relationships. This process increases the overall power of the findings, allowing for greater confidence in the conclusions drawn. It also helps in identifying inconsistencies between studies and can highlight areas where further research may be needed.

This contrasts with the other choices, which do not align with the primary goal of a meta-analysis. Summarizing qualitative findings refers to synthesizing non-numeric data, while describing phenomena without testing hypotheses focuses on observational studies. Analyzing single case studies lacks the broader synthesis that is characteristic of meta-analysis, which typically involves a larger number of studies to draw comprehensive insights.