What is the first step in the qualitative research process?

In the qualitative research process, the first step typically involves conducting a literature review. This essential phase allows researchers to deepen their understanding of the existing body of knowledge related to their research topic. By reviewing previous studies and theoretical frameworks, researchers can identify gaps in the literature, formulate research questions, and clarify the context of their study. This foundational step shapes the direction of the research, informs the selection of methods, and helps ensure that the inquiries conducted are relevant and significant.

Starting with a literature review is crucial, as it provides a theoretical backdrop, guiding the formulation of hypotheses or research questions that may be explored further in subsequent steps, such as study design or sample selection. A comprehensive review allows researchers to position their work within the existing discourse, ensuring that it contributes meaningfully to the field.

In contrast, focusing solely on aspects like sample selection, data analysis, or study design without first surveying the literature may lead to a lack of clarity or coherence in the research objectives, potentially overlooking important existing findings that could inform and enhance the study.