How is the variable described that varies as a consequence of another variable?

A dependent variable is the one that varies as a consequence of changes in another variable, typically referred to as the independent variable. In a research context, the dependent variable is the outcome or response that researchers measure to assess the effect of an intervention or treatment. For instance, if a study looks at how different amounts of exercise influence weight loss, weight loss would be the dependent variable, as it is expected to change in response to the amount of exercise participants engage in.

This concept is foundational in research design, as the relationship between variables is central to forming hypotheses and determining causation. Recognizing what constitutes a dependent variable helps researchers structure their studies effectively and collect meaningful data to answer their research questions. The other types of variables mentioned, while relevant in specific contexts, do not directly describe this cause-and-effect relationship that defines the dependent variable.